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MU Researcher Studies How Infants Compare Quantities

By Guest PostDecember 5, 2010Scienceability to quantify, baby einstein, cheerios, child, infants, kristy vanmarle, liquid, non-cohesive substances, opaque, parents, psychologists, researcher, sand, tracking and quantifying objects, two substances, university of missouri, water

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research at the University of Missouri has determined that the ability to quantify – even things that are hard to quantify, such as liquid – may develop much sooner than most parents realize.

University of Missouri researcher Kristy vanMarle, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychological Sciences in the College of Arts and Science, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants are able to quantify non-cohesive substances – like sand, water, or even Cheerios – as early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, vanMarle has found that infants will choose the larger amount, especially when it comes to food. (more…)

UCLA Scientists Discover Mechanism that Transforms Healthy Cells into Prostate Cancer

By Guest PostDecember 4, 2010Health, Scienceanimal models, bmi-1, cancer, cancer growth, healthy cells, hormone-withdrawal therapy, malignant cells, owen witte, prostate cancer, prostate cancer cells, prostate stem cells, protein, pten tumor suppressor gene, repair injured cells, rita lukacs, self-renewal activity

Dr. Owen Witte, director of the Broad Stem Cell Research Center at UCLA and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. Image credit: University of California

A protein that is crucial for regulating the self-renewal of normal prostate stem cells, which are needed to repair injured cells or restore normal cells killed by hormone-withdrawal therapy for cancer, also aids the transformation of healthy cells into prostate cancer cells, researchers at UCLA have found.

The findings, by scientists with the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, may have important implications for controlling cancer growth and progression.

Results from the three-year study, done in primary cells and in animal models, were published Dec. 2 in the early online edition of the peer-reviewed journal Cell Stem Cell.

The protein, called Bmi-1, is often up-regulated, or turned on, in prostate cancer. It has been associated with higher-grade cancers and is predictive of poor prognosis, according to previous studies. However, its functional roles in prostate stem cell maintenance and prostate cancer have been unclear, said the study’s senior author, Dr. Owen Witte, director of the Broad Stem Cell Research Center and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. (more…)

U-M Researchers Identify Protein Essential for Cell Division in Blood-forming Stem Cells

By Guest PostDecember 3, 2010Scienceblood forming cells, cell death, cell division, cellular metabolism, protein kinase, stem cells, tumor suppressor

ANN ARBOR, Mich.— University of Michigan researchers have discovered that a protein known to regulate cellular metabolism is also necessary for normal cell division in blood-forming stem cells. Loss of the protein results in an abnormal number of chromosomes and a high rate of cell death. (more…)

Discovery Triples Number of Stars in the Universe

By Guest PostDecember 2, 2010Scienceastronomers, charlie conroy, dark matter, dim stars, earths, elliptical galaxies, evolution, galaxies, galaxy formation, gliese 581, hawaii, keck observatory, Milky Way, optical telescopes, pieter van dokkum, red dwarfs, sun, theoretical models, twin telescopes

Astronomers detected the faint signature of small, dim red dwarf stars in nearby galaxies (right), and found they are much more numerous than in our own Milky Way (left). Image credit: Patrick Lynch/Yale University

Astronomers have discovered that small, dim stars known as red dwarfs are much more prolific than previously thought — so much so that the total number of stars in the universe is likely three times bigger than previously believed.

Because red dwarfs are relatively small and dim compared to stars like our Sun, astronomers hadn’t been able to detect them in galaxies other than our own Milky Way and its nearest neighbors before now. Therefore, they did not know how much of the total stellar population of the universe is made up of red dwarfs.

Now astronomers have used powerful instruments on the Keck Observatory in Hawaii to detect the faint signature of red dwarfs in eight massive, relatively nearby galaxies called elliptical galaxies, which are located between about 50 million and 300 million light years away. They discovered that the red dwarfs, which are only between 10% and 20% as massive as the Sun, were much more bountiful than expected. (more…)

Contact With Dads Drops When Women Ovulate

By Guest PostNovember 30, 2010Scienceanimal behavior, behavior, biological forces, cell phone, cycle, debra lieberman, elizabeth pillsworth, evolutionary biologists, evolutionary inbreeding, high-fertility days, martie haselton, ovulating, period, sexual decisions, women

*Evidence of evolutionary protection against inbreeding in women?*

Through an innovative use of cell phone records, researchers at UCLA, the University of Miami and Cal State, Fullerton, have found that women appear to avoid contact with their fathers during ovulation.

“Women call their dads less frequently on these high-fertility days and they hang up with them sooner if their dads initiate a call,” said Martie Haselton, a UCLA associate professor of communication in whose lab the research was conducted. (more…)

MU Scientists Find Cinnamon Can Replace Harmful Chemicals Used to Create Nanoparticles

By Guest PostNovember 29, 2010Sciencecinnamon, gold nanoparticles, green nanotechnology, nanotechnology industry, toxic chemicals

MU scientists make strides in green nanotechnology

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Gold nanoparticles, tiny pieces of gold so small that they can’t be seen by the naked eye, are used in electronics, healthcare products and as pharmaceuticals to fight cancer. Despite their positive uses, the process to make the nanoparticles requires dangerous and extremely toxic chemicals. While the nanotechnology industry is expected to produce large quantities of nanoparticles in the near future, researchers have been worried about the environmental impact of the global nanotechnological revolution. (more…)

Mammals Grew 1,000 Times Larger After the Demise of the Dinosaurs

By Guest PostNovember 27, 2010Sciencebody size, evolution, existence of dinosaurs, extinction of dinosaurs, land mammals

NSF enabled the assembly of an international, interdisciplinary team that was the first to quantitatively document body size patterns over the past 100 million years

Researchers have demonstrated that the extinction of dinosaurs some 65 million years ago paved the way for mammals to get bigger, about a thousand times larger than they had been when dinosaurs roamed the earth. The study, released in the journal Science, is the first to quantitatively document the patterns of body size of mammals after the existence of dinosaurs. (more…)

How Pathogens Hijack Host Plants

By Guest PostNovember 27, 20101 commentSciencearabidopsis, bacteria, cell membrane, cells, diabetes, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, frank white, fret, fungi, global crop, infestation, li-qing chen, mustard, mutation, novel transporters, organism, pathogen infection, pathogenic bacteria, pathogens, plant nutrients, pore proteins, protein genes, sensor-based technology, sugar efflux, sugar-pumping mechanism, sweets

Palo Alto, CA — Infestation by bacteria and other pathogens result in global crop losses of over $500 billion annually. A research team led by the Carnegie Institution’s Department of Plant Biology developed a novel trick for identifying how pathogens hijack plant nutrients to take over the organism. They discovered a novel family of pores that transport sugar out of the plant. Bacteria and fungi hijack the pores to access the plant sugar for food. The first goal of any pathogen is to access the host’s food supply to allow them to reproduce in large numbers. This is the first time scientists have a direct handle on controlling the food supply to pathogens and thus a new means to prevent a wide range of crop diseases and losses. (more…)

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