Tag Archives: loop

Gleichgewicht zwischen Mensch und Natur: Forscherteam entwickelt Modell für sozial-ökologische Veränderungsprozesse

Seit Beginn der Menschheitsgeschichte sind Mensch und Natur eng miteinander verbunden, sie bilden ein „sozial-ökologisches System“. Technologischer Fortschritt, Bevölkerungswachstum und Urbanisierung verändern diese Systeme auf der ganzen Welt grundlegend. Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der Universitäten Kapstadt, Kassel und Göttingen haben ein Modell entwickelt, mit dem sich die Ursachen und Konsequenzen dieser Prozesse weltweit und auf verschiedenen Ebenen vergleichen lassen. Die Ergebnisse wurden als Titelbeitrag in der Fachzeitschrift Nature veröffentlicht.

Jahrhundertelang waren Agrargesellschaften darauf angewiesen, ihre unmittelbare Umgebung so nachhaltig wie möglich zu nutzen, da ihr eigenes Überleben davon abhing. Mit der Entstehung von Städten und der Industrialisierung veränderte sich das Verhältnis zwischen Mensch und Natur grundlegend, und mit weltweit fortschreitendem Bevölkerungs- und Wirtschaftswachstum gewinnen diese Veränderungen zunehmend an Bedeutung. „Um eine Übernutzung der natürlichen Ressourcen zu verhindern, sind neue Regularien und Institutionen nötig“, so das Autorenteam.  (more…)

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New App Keeps Londoners in the Loop about the Tube

A new app for android phones allows Londoners to share their experiences about the London Underground as they travel, and could transform how we use public transport.

The new application, called Tube Star, has been developed by researchers at UCL and aims to capture the experience of being in the tube, as reported by passengers. The app’s designers hope that it will give travellers a way of sharing their knowledge as well as improving our understanding of what happens when things go wrong – or right – on the underground. (more…)

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Lariats: How RNA Splicing Decisions are Made

Lariats are discarded byproducts of RNA splicing, the process by which genetic instructions for making proteins are assembled. A new study has found hundreds more lariats than ever before, yielding new information about how splicing occurs and how it can lead to disease.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Tiny, transient loops of genetic material, detected and studied by the hundreds for the first time at Brown University, are providing new insights into how the body transcribes DNA and splices (or missplices) those transcripts into the instructions needed for making proteins.

The lasso-shaped genetic snippets — they are called lariats — that the Brown team reports studying in the June 17 edition of Nature Structural & Molecular Biology are byproducts of gene transcription. Until now scientists had found fewer than 100 lariats, mostly by poring over very small selections of introns, which are sections of genetic code that do not directly code for proteins, but contain important signals that direct the way protein-coding regions are assembled. In the new study, Brown biologists report that they found more than 800 lariats in a publicly available set of billions of RNA reads derived from human tissues. (more…)

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Not a One-Way Street: Evolution Shapes Environment of Connecticut Lakes

Environmental change is the selective force that preserves adaptive traits in organisms and is a primary driver of evolution. However, it is less well known that evolutionary change in organisms also trigger fundamental changes in the environment.

Yale University researchers found a prime example of this evolutionary feedback loop in a few lakes in Connecticut, where dams built 300 years ago in Colonial times trapped a fish called the alewife.

In a study published May 23 in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Academy B, the Yale team describes how this event fundamentally changed the structure of the alewife and, with it, the water flea that the alewife feeds upon and the food chain that supports them both. (more…)

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