environmental impact – Page 2 – Shamskm: A site to exchange knowledge and solutions

Despite Efforts for Change, Bangladeshi Women Prefer to Use Pollution-Causing Cookstoves

By Guest PostJuly 2, 2012Environment, Generalanimal dung, bangladeshi district, bangladeshi household, bangladeshi women, biomass, black carbon, cooking, cookstove, environmental impact, flooding, greenhouse gas, hatiya, health risk, jamlpur, mushfiq mobarak, pollution causing, puneet dwivedi, robert bailis, rural bangladesh, traditional stove, women, yale study, yale university

Women in rural Bangladesh prefer inexpensive, traditional stoves for cooking over modern ones — despite significant health risks, according to a Yale study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

A large majority of respondents (94%) believed that indoor smoke from the traditional stoves is harmful. Still, Bangladeshi women opted for traditional cookstove technology so they could afford basic needs.

“Non-traditional cookstoves might be more successful if they were designed with features valued more highly by users, such as reducing operating costs even if they might not reduce environmental impact,” said Mushfiq Mobarak, a co-author and associate professor of economics at the Yale School of Management. (more…)

UA Researchers Hunt Bomb-Eating Bugs

By Guest PostApril 29, 2012Environment, Weaponsarmy, aromatic amines, bacteria, bacterial eating habits, bio augmentation, bomb eating bugs, cancer, carcinogenic compound, conventional explosive, cytotoxic, degradation pathway, department of defense, ed stiles, environmental effect, environmental fate, environmental impact, fate and toxicity, food source, groundwater, humic polymer, humus, imcs, insensitive munitions compounds, james a field, jon chorover, molecular ecology technique, munition, mutagenic, nitro aromatic compound, organic matter, polymerization, reyes sierra, site selection, surface water, threat, tnt, university of arizona

UA researchers are investigating bacterial eating habits as part of a $1 million study to determine the environmental fate of newly developed munitions.

University of Arizona researchers are studying the environmental effects of insensitive munitions compounds, or IMCs, which are new, more stable explosives that won’t detonate in response to heat or shock.

Not much is known about the environmental impact of IMCs, which the U.S. Department of Defense hopes will reduce injuries and fatalities among troops who handle explosives. (more…)

Diesel Technologies Drastically Cut Emissions in Real-World Conditions

By Guest PostApril 23, 2012Environmentblack carbon, catalytic reduction, chris frey, climate change, diesel engine, emission, emissions, environmental consequence, environmental impact, fuel, gurdas sandhu, human health, low level ozone, measurement system, nitrogen oxides, nox, nox emission, particulate matter, per gallon, pm, pollutant, tractor trailer trucks

New research from North Carolina State University shows that federal requirements governing diesel engines of new tractor trailer trucks have resulted in major cuts in emissions of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) – pollutants that have significant human health and environmental impacts.

“These requirements for new emission control technologies have increased costs for truck owners and operators, and we wanted to know whether there was any real benefit,” says Dr. Chris Frey, professor of civil, construction and environmental engineering at NC State and co-author of a paper describing the research. “We found that there is a huge reduction in both PM and NOx emissions.” (more…)

Mapping Grasslands for Biofuel Potential

By Guest PostMarch 31, 2012Environmentalternative, america, biofuel crop, cell wall, cellulosic, energy, environmental impact, fertilizer, fossil fuel, grassland, irrigation water, marcia mcnutt, miscanthus, municipal wastes, nebraska, non food crop, north american, overgrazing, plant, platte river basin, prairie, switchgrass, tallgrass, united states, usgs, woody biomass

USGS scientists have developed a new method for mapping grasslands that demonstrate high potential for growing biofuel crops with relatively little energy input and environmental impact.

The pioneering investigation used remote sensing data from satellites to identify detailed areas of the Greater Platte River Basin (most of Nebraska, parts of adjacent states) that are best suited for producing cellulosic (from the cell walls of plants) biofuel derived from hardy switchgrass, a native plant that grows wild or is easily cultivated. (more…)

Wind Energy

By Guest PostMarch 22, 2012Environmentalison bates, ccp, coast, delaware, environmental impact, human activity, jeremy firestone, kateryna samoteskul, marine ecosystem, marine mammal, maryland, nature conservation, new jersey, ocean, offshore wind farms, sea turtle migrations, spatial planning, teresa messmore, university of delaware

UD study assesses ocean use off Delaware, Maryland and New Jersey coasts

The Center for Carbon-Free Power Integration (CCPI) at the University of Delaware has issued a new report about ocean use off the coast of Delaware and parts of Maryland and New Jersey. The study addresses viable places to locate offshore wind farms, taking into account biological, ecological and other considerations. The report includes feedback from interested groups who attended a November 2011 workshop, as well as input from experts.

“This report demonstrates that the ocean is already active with ecological and human activity,” lead-author Alison Bates said. “It shows what government regulators ought to consider in planning for offshore wind development and the beginning of a way forward for offshore wind developers and existing users to accommodate one another.” (more…)

Consumers Willing to Buy Sustainable U.S. Cotton, MU Researchers Find

By Guest PostFebruary 8, 2012Economyapparel, apparel industry, brand, consumer sale, cotton, environmental impact, jung ha brookshire, key, pamela norum, pesticide, sustainable manner, sustainable practice, transparency, united states, university of missouri, us cotton

*Studies show importance of transparency in U.S. apparel production*

COLUMBIA, Mo. – As the interest in environmentally responsible business practices grows globally, researchers are interested in how that interest translates into consumer sales. Researchers from the University of Missouri have found that United States consumers are more willing to buy clothing made from sustainably grown U.S. cotton than apparel produced using conventional practices in an unknown location. Jung Ha-Brookshire, an assistant professor in the textile and apparel management department in the College of Human Environmental Sciences at MU, says transparency is the key. (more…)

Solar Cells more Efficient than Photosynthesis – for Now

By Guest PostMay 16, 2011Sciencebiofuels industry, carbon-based molecules, chemical bonds, critical since, david Kramer, ecosystem, environmental impact, g.l.kohuth, genetic engineering, michigan state university, new paper in science, organism, photosynthesis, photosynthesis of plants for biofuel, plants are less efficient than solar cells, solar cells, species of cyanobacteria, sun’s energy, washington university

EAST LANSING, Mich. — In a head-to-head battle of harvesting the sun’s energy, solar cells beat plants, according to a new paper in Science. But scientists think they can even up the playing field, says Michigan State University researcher David Kramer.

Plants are less efficient at capturing the energy in sunlight than solar cells mostly because they have too much evolutionary baggage. Plants have to power a living thing, whereas solar cells only have to send electricity down a wire. This is a big difference because if photosynthesis makes a mistake, it makes toxic byproducts that kill the organism. Photosynthesis has to be conservative to avoid killing the organisms it powers. (more…)

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