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What Causes Hot Flushes during Menopause?

By Guest PostDecember 15, 2012Healthanimal model, biological mechanisms, black box, blood vessel, brain, brain cells, candy, central nervous system, estrogen replacement therapy, heat, hormone estrogen, hormone signals, hormone treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, hypothalamus, in the head, kndy neurons, melinda mittelman smith, menopause, naomi rance, nathaniel mcmullen, neuronal switch, neurotransmitter, prostate cancer, sally krajewski hall, skin, skin temperature, tail skin temperature, thermoregulation, thermoregulatory centers, trigger, vasodilation, vital functions

Hot flushes are not “in the head,” but new research suggests they may start there. A UA research team has identified a region in the brain that may trigger the uncomfortable surges of heat most women experience in the first few years of menopause.

Hot flushes – also called hot flashes – affect millions of people, and not just women. Yet, it is still unclear what causes the episodes of temperature discomfort, often accompanied by profuse sweating.

Now a team of researchers around Dr. Naomi Rance, a professor in the department of pathology at the UA College of Medicine, has come closer to understanding the mechanism of hot flushes, a necessary step for potential treatment options down the road. This research was published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (more…)

Energy Savings – Easy as Dirt, Heat, Pressure

By Guest PostNovember 28, 2012Environment, Sciencecar engine, dirt, donald morelli, electricity, energy, heat, industrial power plants, materials, materials science, michigan state university, minerals, natural minerals, pressure, synthesize, tetrahedrites, thermoelectric generation, thermoelectric material, waste heat, wayne state university, xu lu

By using common materials found pretty much anywhere there is dirt, a team of Michigan State University researchers have developed a new thermoelectric material.

This is important, they said, because the vast majority of heat that is generated from, for example, a car engine, is lost through the tail pipe. It’s the thermoelectric material’s job to take that heat and turn it into something useful, like electricity. (more…)

Interstellar Travelers of the Future May be Helped by MU Physicist’s Calculations

By Guest PostOctober 12, 2012Scienceastrophysicists, bill clinton, expansion, future, gravity, heat, human expansion, interstellar travel, light, mechanical explanation, missouri, movement, newtonian law, photon, physics, pioneer spacecraft, puzzle, radio wave, research project, researcher, sergei kopeikin, Space, spaceship symposium, star system, theory, time, universe, university

University of Missouri’s Sergei Kopeikin may have solved the Pioneer anomaly

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Former President Bill Clinton recently expressed his support for interstellar travel at the 100 Year Spaceship Symposium, an international event advocating for human expansion into other star systems. Interstellar travel will depend upon extremely precise measurements of every factor involved in the mission. The knowledge of those factors may be improved by the solution a University of Missouri researcher found to a puzzle that has stumped astrophysicists for decades.

“The Pioneer spacecraft, two probes launched into space in the early 70s, seemed to violate the Newtonian law of gravity by decelerating anomalously as they traveled, but there was nothing in physics to explain why this happened,” said Sergei Kopeikin, professor of physics and astronomy in MU’s College of Arts and Science. “My study suggests that this so-called Pioneer anomaly was not anything strange. The confusion can be explained by the effect of the expansion of the universe on the movement of photons that make up light and radio waves.” (more…)

To Turn Up The Heat in Chilies, Just Add Water

By Guest PostJanuary 5, 2012Sciencebiologists, Bolivia, carlos manchego, david haak, defense, douglas levey, dry areas, dryer environments, fitness based tradeoff, focal populations, fungus, fusarium fungus, haley morris, heat, hot chilies, joshua tewksbury, leslie mcginnis, non pungent plants, pungency, pungent fruit, range of rainfall, self defense, sigma xi, spicy capsaicin, university of washington, vince stricherz, wetter regions, why some chilies are hot, wild chilies

Biologists have learned in recent years that wild chilies develop their trademark pungency, or heat, as a defense against a fungus that could destroy their seeds. But that doesn’t explain why some chilies are hot and others are not.

New research provides an answer: Hot chilies growing in dry areas need more water to produce as many seeds as non-pungent plants, but the Fusarium fungus is less of a threat in dryer environments so chilies in those areas are less likely to turn up the heat. In wetter regions, where Fusarium thrives, wild chilies build up their reserves of spicy capsaicin in self-defense. (more…)

Computer Helps MSU Researchers Unravel Plants’ Secrets to Survival

By Guest PostSeptember 5, 2011Sciencealexander seddon, arabidopsis thaliana, artificial intelligence of computers, bacterial infection, cheng zou, cis regulatory elements, cluster of computers, drought, extreme environments, genes, genome wide scale, heat, joshua mackaluso, kelian sun, michael thomashow, michigan state university, plant and computer scientists, plants, rong jin, shin han shiu

EAST LANSING, Mich. — Recent research by Michigan State University scientists has shed more light on how plants are able to cope with extreme environments.

However, the name of one of the key contributors to the work, which is detailed in the online version of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is not listed among the paper’s authors. That’s because it’s a cluster of computers. (more…)

Where the Earth’s Heat Comes From

By Guest PostJuly 18, 2011Scienceanti electron, berkeley lab, borexino experiment, brian fujikawa, bse, bulk silicate earth, department of physics, earth crust and mantle, earth interior, earth magnetic field, geo antineutrinos, geologists, geoneutrinos, gran sasso, heat, heat energy, italy, itaru shimizu, Japan, kamioka liquid-scintillator antineutrino detector, kamland, kamland collaboration, ke han, lawrence berkeley national laboratory, lithophiles, muon neutrinos, neutrinos, partial radiogenic heat model for earth, photomultiplier, potassium, radioactive decay of uranium, radioactive isotopes decay, rock loving elements, sea floors, siderophiles, stuart freedman, study antineutrinos, sunken layer, tau neutrinos, thomas banks, thorium, tohoku university, university of california

*Berkeley Lab scientists join their KamLAND colleagues to measure the radioactive sources of Earth’s heat flow*

What spreads the sea floors and moves the continents? What melts iron in the outer core and enables the Earth’s magnetic field? Heat. Geologists have used temperature measurements from more than 20,000 boreholes around the world to estimate that some 44 terawatts (44 trillion watts) of heat continually flow from Earth’s interior into space. Where does it come from?

Radioactive decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium in Earth’s crust and mantle is a principal source, and in 2005 scientists in the KamLAND collaboration, based in Japan, first showed that there was a way to measure the contribution directly. The trick was to catch what KamLAND dubbed geoneutrinos – more precisely, geo-antineutrinos – emitted when radioactive isotopes decay. (KamLAND stands for Kamioka Liquid-scintillator Antineutrino Detector.) (more…)

Study Sheds Light on How Heat is Transported to Greenland Glaciers

By Guest PostMarch 29, 2011Environmentarctic water, bath tub, claudia cenedese, fiamma straneo, fjords, floating ice tongue, freshwater runoff, glacier ice, greenland, gulf stream, heat, heat transport, helheim glacier, ice sheet, kjetil våge, melting the glaciers, ocean circulation, oscillation, predictions, ruth curry, sea-level rise, sermilik fjord, subtropical waters

Warmer air is only part of the story when it comes to Greenland’s rapidly melting ice sheet. New research by scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) highlights the role ocean circulation plays in transporting heat to glaciers.

Greenland’s ice sheet has lost mass at an accelerated rate over the last decade, dumping more ice and fresh water into the ocean. Between 2001 and 2005, Helheim Glacier, a large glacier on Greenland’s southeast coast, retreated 5 miles (8 kilometers) and its flow speed nearly doubled. (more…)

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